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| MUNICIPAL
SOLID WASTES |
CHARACTERISTICS OF GARBAGE :
Quantity
It is estimated that solid waste generated in small, medium
and large cities and towns is about 0.1 kg, 0.3-0.4 kg and 0.5 kg per capita per
day respectively.
CPCB sponsored a survey to ascertain the status of
municipal solid waste disposal in metro cities, Class-I cities and Class-II towns
of India. The survey was conducted by the Environment Protection Training Research
Institute (EPTRI), Hyderabad. As per the survey, the quantities of municipal solid
wastes generation in metro cities are presented in Table1.
Table 1 Municipal Solid Wastes Generation in Metro Cities
| Sr. No. |
City |
Municipal Population | Municipal Solid Wastes (tpd) |
Per capita waste (kg/day) |
|
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. |
Ahmedabad Bangalore Bhopal Calcutta Chennai Colimbatore Delhi Hyderabad Indore Jaipur Kanpur Kochi Lucknow Ludhiana Mumbai Madurai Nagpur Patna Pune Surat Vadodara Varanasi Visakhapatnam |
2,87,610 41,30,288 10,62,771 96,43,211 47,52,974 8,16,321 84,19,084 40,98,734 10,91,674 14,58,483 18,74,409 6,70,009 16,19,115 10,42,740 1,22,88,519 9,40,989 16,24,752 9,17,243 22,44,196 14,98,817 10,31,346 10,30,863 7,52,037 |
1,683 2,000 546 3,692 3,124 350 4,000 1,566 350 580 1,200 347 1,010 400 5,355 370 443 330 700 900 400 412 300 |
0.585 0.484 0.514 0.383 0.657 0.429 0.475 0.382 0.321 0.398 0.640 0.518 0.623 0.384 0.436 0.392 0.273 0.360 0.312 0.600 0.389 0.400 0.400 |
Composition
The composition
of garbage in India indicates lower organic matter and high ash or dust contents.
It has been estimated that recyclable content in solid wastes varies from 13 to
20% and combustible material is about 80-85%. A typical composition of municipal
solid waste is given below.
| Description
| Percent by weight |
| Vegetable,
leaves | 40.15 |
| Grass |
3.80 |
| Paper
| 0.81 |
| Plastic
| 0.62 |
|
Glass, ceramics |
0.44 |
| Metal |
0.64 |
| Stones,
ashes | 41.81 |
| Miscellaneous |
11.73 |
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