COMPARISION OF SAFETY ISSUES OF ALTERNATE FUELS
14.0 COMPARISION OF SAFETY ISSUES OF ALTERNATE FUELS
The criterion of safety is very important for selection of alternative transportation fuels. With the number of alternate fuelled vehicles increasing diverse issues on safety are emerging out. Safety analysis of the fuel on-board a vehicle is not the only requirement today, safety issues pertaining to bulk-transportation of the fuel, storage & handling, spills; leakages, etc. also need to be assessed today.
Tables-20 and 21 lists the safety aspects of different alternative fuels
pertaining to transportation and storage of the fuels. Figures-4 to 8 describes
some comparative properties of various alternative fuels. Table-22 shows the
representative emissions from various alternative fuels.
Fig-4: Flash Point Temperatures for Alternate Fuels
Fig-5: Fuel Volatility- (RVP @ 38 Degrees C)
Table-22: Representative Emissions from Various Alternative Fuels
(g/bhp-h)-Heavy Duty Transient Tests
|
Fuel |
PM |
NOx |
THC |
CO |
Toxic Wastes |
Ozone Potential |
Eqv. CO2-GHG |
|
Diesel |
2.000 |
4.60 |
0.750 |
2.00 |
0.005 |
0.80 |
342.2 |
|
Clean Diesel |
0.050 |
4.60 |
0.175 |
2.00 |
0.05 |
0.70 |
368.0 |
|
MeOH(From NG) |
0.035 |
2.25 |
0.275 |
0.50 |
0.05 |
0.65 |
400.9 |
|
CNG (Lean Burn) |
0.050 |
3.00 |
1.200 |
0.35 |
0.00 |
0.40 |
285.5 |
|
CNG (Stoich) |
0.025 |
1.40 |
0.730 |
1.00 |
0.00 |
0.40 |
302.2 |
|
LPG (Stoich) |
0.050 |
0.90 |
1.050 |
7.00 |
0.00 |
0.65 |
384.2 |
|
EtOH(FromCorn) |
0.050 |
5.00 |
0.500 |
0.50 |
0.05 |
0.80 |
229.1 |
|
LNG (Stoich) |
0.025 |
1.38 |
0.730 |
1.00 |
0.00 |
0.40 |
499.7 |
|
H2DI(Steam reform) |
0.025 |
3.00 |
0.000 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.10 |
389.0 |
|
Pb-acid Battery |
0.000 |
0.00 |
0.000 |
0.00 |
SO2 |
0.10 |
307.7 |
|
PEM Fuel Cell (H2) |
0.000 |
0.00 |
0.000 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.10 |
207.5 |
|
Pb-acid Battery/CNG |
0.013 |
0.70 |
0.365 |
0.50 |
SO2 |
0.25 |
304.6 |
|
Pb-acidBattery/PEM- H2 |
0.000 |
0.00 |
0.000 |
0.00 |
SO2 |
0.10 |
257.2 |
Economics, Safety and Development"-Report to the French Government.
