P-SERIES FUEL

11.0 P-SERIES FUEL

P-Series is a new fuel that is now classified as an alternative fuel by the US Department of Energy. This fuel was developed by Dr. Stephen Paul of Princeton University. This class of P-Series fuel includes certain blends of methyltetrahydrofuran, ethanol and hydrocarbons. Pure Energy Corporation of USA holds the exclusive worldwide license to manufacture and distribute the P-Series fuels. Pure Energy Corporation's P-Series fuels are blends of ethanol, methyltetrahydrofuran (MTHF) and pentanes plus with butane added for blends that would be used in severe cold-weather conditions to meet the cold start requirements. Both ethanol and MTHF to be derived from renewable sources.

11.1 Production:

Ethanol and MTHF, the main components of P-Series fuel are produced first through an integrated process. Pure Energy Corporation expects to utilize commercially proven concentrated acid hydrolysis processing as its base technology for this integrated production process. MTHF is currently produced in limited quantities from furfural (derived from both biomass and petroleum feedstocks) for use as a specialty chemical in consumer end products and in process industries. Pure Energy Corporation has developed a thermo- chemical technology to produce MTHF from cellulosic feedstocks through a levulinic acid pathway, integrating it with an ethanol production system to achieve technical and economic efficiencies. In this process, the lignocellulosic feedstock is converted into both five- and six-carbon sugars, which are then bifurcated into fermentation and thermo-chemical pathways to produce ethanol and MTHF respectively.

11.2 Emissions:

Emissions from P-Series fuels are substantially lower than that of conventional fuels. A comparative emission test result with P-Series (32% Pentanes Plus+50% Ethanol+18% MTHF) is given in Table-19.

11.3 Advantage of P-Series Fuel:

P-Series fuels contain at least 60% non-petroleum energy content derived from MTHF and ethanol. Most of the components of this fuel can be derived from renewable domestic sources thereby making it a choice for energy security. Moreover, it also gives emission benefits as compared to conventional fuels.