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Bio-Technologies
for Treatment of Wastes
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Foreword
Bio-technologies
for treatment of wastes have unique advantages over other treatment
technologies since these are less expensive, easy to operate and
do not produce secondary pollutants. Over the years, significant
developments have taken place in biological treatment technologies.
Elucidation of some biochemical reaction mechanisms and the growth-kinetics
phenomena has permitted a better control over the operations of
the treatment plants resulting in higher efficiencies and reduction
in the cost of treatment. Another important aspect is the selection
of a particular treatment system to minimise the capital as well
as operational costs of treatment. In recent years, the application
of anaerobic technologies has become more popular as compared to
aerobic one, as it reduces the land requirement for the treatment
plant, avoids heavy equipment and also helps in recovery of useful
end-products such as biogas as an alternate source of energy and
the digester-sludge as a fertilizer.
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This
report covers the general as well as industry specific pollution control
measures through various biological treatment routes. Issues relating
to pre-treatment of effluents containing toxic and persistent chemicals,
recent developments in the field of biological waste treatment and
future perspectives including the thrust areas for the improvement
of biological treatment of certain persistent and toxi eftlut:nts
are also discussed in this report. I hope, the scientists and engineers
working in the field (Ifwaste treatment will find it useful.
This report is prepared by Dr. B.K.Chaudhuri, Senior Environmental
Engineer and his group who have made sincere Efforts to bring out
this document. I convey my sincere thanks to Shri A.K.Mhaskar, Ex.Environmental
Engineer of this Board for his expert comments on this report. |
Dilip Biswas
Chairman, CPCB |
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