HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT

Identification of Hazardous Waste Streams, their Characterisation and Waste Minimisation Options in various Industrial Sectors.

Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) has undertaken studies on "Identification of hazardous waste streams, their characterisation and waste management options" in various industrial sectors like, Petrochemicals, Pesticides, Dye & Dye Intermediate and Bulk Drugs & Pharmaceutical sectors. The basic aim of the project is to identify industrial sector-wise identification of waste generation streams & stream-wise characterisation of hazardous waste for implementation of Hazardous Waste Management Rules. The study for Pesticides, Petrochemicals and Dyes & Dye Intermediates has been completed. The report constitutes information pertaining to various waste streams, quantification of hazardous waste generation per tonne of product, characteristics of waste, suitable recovery/reuse options for minimisation of waste generation.

Inventorisation of Hazardous Waste Generation in Orissa

The study for Inventorisation of hazardous waste generation in Orissa has been undertaken in accordance with Hazardous Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 2000. The findings of the study include number of hazardous waste generating units and quantification of hazardous waste.

District-wise distribution of hazardous waste generating units in Orissa

S.No. District Number of Industries
Large Medium Small Total
1. Angul 15 -- 01 16
2. Balasore 07 06 06 19
3. Bargarh 03 02 01 06
4. Bhadrak 01 -- 01 02
5. Bolangir 03 -- -- 03
6. Cuttack 05 07 14 26
7. Dhenkanal 07 -- 01 08
8. Ganjam 03 02 01 06
9. Jagatsingpur 04 02 -- 06
10. Jaipur 05 -- -- 05
11. Jharsuguda 10 -- -- 10
12. Kalahandi -- -- 02 02
13. Keonjhar 13 02 -- 15
14. Khurda 06 -- 03 09
15. Koraput 05 01 -- 06
16. Mayurbhanj 02 01 02 05
17. Nabarangapur 01 -- -- 01
18. Puri 01 -- -- 01
19. Rayagada 02 -- -- 02
20. Sambalpur 02 01 02 05
21. Sundargarh 17 05 16 38
Total 112 29 50 191

Criteria for Disposal of Hazardous Waste in Secure Landfill & Guidelines for Collection, Treatment & Disposal of Leachate

According to the Hazardous Waste (Management & Handling) Amendment Rules, 2000, the Central Pollution Control Board is to suggest leachate treatment standards. Accordingly the study on "Disposal criteria for hazardous waste disposal" & "Guidelines for collection, treatment & disposal of leachate & its standards" has been taken up. The hazardous waste generated from different processes have to be managed in environmentally sound manner, therefore, the waste should be disposed off scientifically either through incineration or in secured land filling, depending upon the characteristic and nature of the waste, the disposal of hazardous waste through secure land filling has to be carried out through collection, transportation and treatment. Waste disposal criteria have been discussed in a Sub-Committee constituted by CPCB, which are as follow:
· Waste, is a fluid, slurry or paste.
· Waste, which fails paint filter liquid test (PFT).
· Waste, which reacts with moisture to produce considerable amount of heat or gases.
· Waste, which is highly inflammable (flash point < 60O C).
· Waste, which contains shock sensitive substances (e.g. acelylides, azides, organic nitrites, nitro compounds and peroxides etc.)
· Waste, which contains very strong oxidizing agents (e.g. bleach, chlorates, ozanates, peroxides, mineral acids etc.)
· Waste, which contains volatile substances of significant toxicity (e.g. hazardous air pollutants as per 40 CFR Part 60, USEPA).
· Waste, which falls below a pH value of 14 and exceeds the value of 12, if leached with distilled water in the ratio of 1/10.
· Waste, which possess a calorific value of more than 2500 KCal/kg. These wastes have to go for authorized energy recovery or for hazardous waste incineration.

The Sub-Committee finalised the criteria for disposal of hazardous waste in SLF & code of practice for leachate collection & removal system and suggested approach for leachate treatment and its safe disposal.

Following standards for disposal of leachate to STP, CETP, Inland surface water or marine coastal areas have been recommended apart from the standards suggested as per part-A, Schedule VI of Environment (Protection) Rules, following additional parameters has been suggested as the leachate standards:

S.No.
Parameters Standards for disposal of leachate (mg/l)

Inland surface water STP CETP Marine coastal
1. Aox 0.5 - - 0.5
2. PAH (each) 0.059 - - 0.059
3. Benzene 0.14 - - 0.14
4. Toluene .08 - - 0.08
5. Xylene (Sum of O,M,P - Xylene) 0.32 - - 0.32

Laboratory Manual on Sampling, Analysis and Characterisation of Hazardous Waste

According to the Schedule 2 & 3 of Hazardous Waste Management Rules 2000, the wastes are classified based on the waste substances, concentration limits and characteristics. In order to improve the infrastructure capability of SPCBs with regard to analysis and characterisation of hazardous waste, CPCB has prepared a manual on "Sampling, analysis and characterisation of hazardous waste". The manual entails sampling approaches using various sampling equipments, sample processing techniques and methods of analysis and characterisation procedures of hazardous wastes.

Registration as Recycler/Reprocessor with Environmentally Sound Management Facilities
In order to regulate the reuse/reprocessing of recyclable hazardous waste like waste oil/used lead acid batteries/non-ferrous metal wastes in an environmentally sound manner, the Ministry has forwarded applications to CPCB for scrutiny and to carryout verification of the units for assessment of environmental compliance and environmentally sound management facilities provided by the applicants. The visit reports were scrutinised and submitted to Ministry of Environment & Forests (MoEF). CPCB also provided inputs as a member of technical committee set up by MoEF on various aspects pertaining to hazardous waste management rules.

Guidelines for Disposal of Drill Cuttings & Drilling Fluids for On-shore/Off-shore Oil Drilling Operation
In view of the representation submitted to MoEF by oil drilling operators for review of existing guidelines with respect to disposal of drill cuttings & drilling fluids which are already notified by MoEF during the year 1996. CPCB has reviewed the existing guidelines and placed in the meeting with expert members and oil drilling operators. The revised guidelines for safe disposal of drill cuttings/drilling fluids being generated from on-shore and off-shore oil drilling operations have been sent to MoEF for further notification.