Foreword
World over the municipal wastewater forms the largest land based single source of marine pollution. Without exception Indian coastal waters also receive large quantities of municipal wastewater from its coastal cities and towns. In this connection, the Central Pollution Control Board has made an attempt to assess the municipal sewage treated, partially treated and untreated from the coastal cities and towns that reaches the coastal waters of India.

About 25% of the population of 644 class I cities and class II towns of India inhabits in 87 coastal cities and towns. On an average the water supply in the coastal cities and towns is 144.39 lpcd and the wastewater generation is 5560.99 mld, which is one third of the wastewater generated by the cities and towns of the country. Out of this only 521.51 mld of wastewater receives various levels of treatment and the remaining is disposed without any kind of treatment into the coastal waters. In this report we have also tried to estimate the pollution and nutrient   loads   reaching the coastal waters from

coastal cities and towns. The estimated biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and the nutrient (NPK) loads reaching  the  coastal waters  are 1007.90  and 347.56 tonnes per day respectively. Thus the nutrient along with wastewater worth Rs.1091.20 millions were discharged into the coastal waters from coastal cities and towns annually. I wish to record my sincere thanks to the littoral State Pollution Control Boards and Pollution Control Committees, municipal corporations and municipalities, public health engineering departments and other concerned organizations for providing the information and data on water supply, wastewater generation, collection, treatment and disposal. I am also grateful to a team of my colleagues in Delhi and West Zone Office, Vadodara for their efforts in bringing out this document.

We hope, this document will be useful to the concerned authorities and organizations, those involved in planning the management of municipal wastewater and coastal zone management.