CHAPTER X

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS INCLUDING TIME SCHEDULE
FOR THEIR ENFORCEMENT
10.1 DEVELOPMENT OF STANDARDS/ GUIDELINES
One of the mandates assigned to CPCB, under The Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1974; The Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1981; and The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, is to lay down effluent and emission standards. The standards formulated during the reporting period are given below.

10.1.1  Environmental Standards/Guidelines Evolved

I.   Characterisation of Noise from Portable Generator Set and Development of Acoustic Hood

The studies were carried out in association with  Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore. Noise levels of portable generator sets manufactured by M/s Honda Siel Power Products Ltd., M/s Birla Yamaha Ltd. and M/s Greaves India Ltd., were measured using survey method (ISO 3746).

Based on these results, the following noise standards have been recommended by Central Pollution Control Board, for portable generator sets,

 

        Noise Limit (dBA) from

June 1, 2001

June 1, 2004

Sound Power Level, LWA*

86

83

*For getting  sound pressure level at 1 m distance subtract these values by 13.3 dBA

II.  System & Procedure for Compliance to Regulation for Petrol and Kerosene run Generator Sets up     to 19 kw

The details of certification system & procedure and testing equipment & procedure for compliance to emission standards for petrol and kerosene run generator sets up to 19 kw prepared by the Central Pollution Control Board were notified by MoEF vide notification no: G.S.R. 682 (E), dated 5th October, 1999.

III. Fuel Quality Specifications for Motor Vehicles

1).Fuel quality is directly responsible for the quantity & quality of vehicular emissions. To improve fuel quality, the Central Pollution Control Board has played a major role. The specifications for emission related fuel quality are developed as given below:

                                                                       Table 10.1  Emission Related Fuel Quality Specifications

Fuel

Parameters

Pre 1996

1996

2000

Motor-gasoline

Lead,g/litre (Max)

0.56

0.15

0.013

Benzene, % V/v (Max)

No limit

5

3

Sulphur, % W/w (Max)

0.25

0.20 (leaded)

0.10 (unleaded)

0.10

Diesel

Sulphur, % W/w (Max)

0.5

0.5

0.25

Cetane Number (Min)

42

45

48

Density, Kg/M3

No limit

820-880

820-860


  1. Draft notification on low sulphur diesel with maximum 0.05% sulphur from 1.4.2000 in National Capital Region, Delhi has been promulgated in October 1999 under Central Motor Vehicle Rules, 1989.
  2. Low smoke 2T oil for 2/3 wheelers has been notified under Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, which is effected from 1st April, 1999 throughout the country.
  3. The emission standards for CNG fitted vehicles have been notified in August 1999.
  4. Unleaded petrol was introduced in 45 cities from 1.9.98. Leaded petrol has been phased out from Delhi in September 1998 and NCR in January 1999. From Feb, 2000 leaded petrol has been phased out in entire country.
  5. As per Hon’ble Supreme Court’s direction only Private vehicles conforming to Euro I or Euro II norms are being registered in NCR from June 1999 and from April 2000 only private vehicles conforming to Euro II norms will be registered. In Mumbai Euro II norms for private vehicles (four wheelers) will be applicable from 2001. In Calcutta India 2000 norms (Euro I) has been made applicable from Nov. 1999.
  6. Study on Environmental Standards for automobiles for the year 2010 completed and report circulated.
IV Hospital Wastes
  1. Manual on Hospital Waste Management was brought out which includes the characterisation, quantification and treatment technologies for bio-medical wastes.
  2.   In order to ensure proper treatment to the bio-medical wastes in autoclaves installed in various hospitals in Delhi, an efficiency test using Bacillus Streothermophilus was performed. The results were recorded satisfactory.
  3. Inspection of 40 major hospitals in Delhi have been carried out. Report on the same has been prepared and circulated to Ministry of Health and other agencies for implementation of the recommendations.
V. The Ambient Air Quality  Standards for coal mining were developed and finalised. The standards have been      forwarded to Ministry of Environment & Forests for notification under Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.  

VI. The Central Pollution Control Board  in association with NEERI, Mumbai initiated a study on “Standardisation       of method for benzene monitoring in ambient air”. The study has been completed. The second phase of the       study to estimate the benzene level in ambient air its impact on health in Mumbai is in progress.

VII.      The Environmental Standards for the following categories were notified during the year:

-   Noise standards for fire crackers

-   Emission Standards for new generator sets (up to 19 kilowatt) run on petrol and kerosene with implementation     schedule